Pyrogens

Pyrogens

Posted in Pharmacology

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Pyrogens are Endotoxin, (or)lipopolysaccharide(LPS),is highly toxic to mammalian cells and is one of the most potent  modulators of the immune system.they areproduced from  gram –ve microorganisms.COMPOSITION: pyrogens are  is composed of hydrophobic fatty acid and hydrophilic carbohydrate domainsThe chemical nature of LPS makes pyrogen removal problematic . LPS is unusually thermostable and fairly insensitive to pH changes.Both the United States Pharmacopeia and the European Pharmacopoeia specify the rabbit...

Syllabus for GPAT - 2012

Syllabus for GPAT - 2012

Posted in Syllabus

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PHARMACEUTICSIntroduction to Physical pharmacyMatter, Properties of Matter:State of matter, change in the state of matter, latent heats and vapor pressure, sublimation-critical point, Eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols-inhalers, relative humidity, liquid. complexes, liquid crystals, glassy state, solids- crystalline, amorphous and polymorphism.Micromeretics and Powder Rheology:Particle size and distribution, average particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle volume, methods...